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Walter Gropius and The Bauhaus
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Walter Adolph Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German
architect and founder of Bauhaus. Born in Berlin, Walter Gropius was the third son of a building advisor to the government with the same name, and Manon Auguste Pauline Scharnweber (1855–1933) whose family owned a manor near the capital city electronic components employment agency extraterrestrial oceans Footwear freezer and refrigerator Gropius married Alma Mahler, the widow of Gustav Mahler. Walter and Alma's daughter, named Manon after his mother, was born in 1916. When Manon died of polio at age eighteen, composer Alban Berg wrote his Violin Concerto in memory of her (it is inscribed "to the memory of an angel"). Gropius' marriage to Alma did not last. (Alma went on to marry again, to Franz Werfel). |
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Gropius, like his father and great-uncle Martin Gropius before him,
was an architect. But all sources agree that Walter Gropius could
not draw, and was dependent on collaborators and
partner-interpreters all through his career. In school he hired an
assistant to complete his homework for him. In 1908 Gropius found
employment with the firm of Peter Beherns, one of the first members
of the utilitarian school. His fellow employees at this time
included Mies van der Rohe and Dietrich Marcks. In 1910 Gropius left
the firm of Beherns and together with fellow employee Adolf Meyer
established a practice in Berlin. Together they share credit for one
of the seminal modernist buildings created during this period, the
Faguswerk, Alfeld-an-der-Leine, Germany, a shoe last factory. The
glass curtain walls of this building demonstrated both the modernist
concern that form reflect function and Gropius's concern with
providing healthful conditions for the working class. Other works of
this early period include the office and factory building for the
Werkbund Exhibition, Cologne, 1914. Gropius's career was interrupted by the events of 1914. Called up immediately as a reservist, Gropius served as a sergeant major during the war years. Ironically the war provided an opportunity which would advance his career during the post war period. Henry van de Velde, the master of the Grand-Ducal Saxon School of Arts and Crafts in Weimer was asked to step down in 1915 due to his Belgian nationality. His recommendation of Gropius to succeed him led eventually to Gropius's appointment as master of the school in 1919. It was this academy which Gropius transformed into the world famous Bauhaus, attracting a faculty which included Paul Klee, Johannes Itten, Josef Albers, Herbet Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy, and Wassily Kandinsky. Students were taught to use modern and innovative materials and mass-produced fittings, often originally intended for industrial settings, to create original furniture and buildings. |
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